Analysis of the working principle of laser machine

As the core equipment of modern industrial manufacturing and precision processing, the working principle of laser machine is based on the light amplification technology of stimulated radiation. By converting electrical energy or light energy into a high-energy-density laser beam, the laser machine can achieve efficient cutting, welding, marking and other operations on materials. Understanding its working principle will help to better apply this technology and improve production efficiency and product quality.

The core components of the laser machine include laser generator, optical system and control system. The laser generator is the core device for generating lasers, and usually uses solid, gas or optical fiber as the gain medium. Taking the fiber laser as an example, it excites the rare earth elements (such as erbium-doped fiber) in the optical fiber through a pump source (such as a diode laser) to make the electrons jump from the low energy level to the high energy level. When the high-energy-level electrons return to the low energy level, they will release photons with highly consistent phase, frequency and direction to form lasers.

The optical system is responsible for focusing the laser beam on the surface of the material. The laser beam is transmitted to the focusing lens through a reflector or optical fiber, and the lens focuses the beam into a micron-sized spot, thereby generating extremely high energy density on the material. This high energy density causes the material to melt or vaporize quickly, achieving processing effects such as cutting, welding or marking.

The control system ensures the precise operation of the laser machine. The laser machine can process according to the preset pattern or parameters by controlling the power, pulse frequency and scanning path of the laser through a computer program. Modern laser machines are usually equipped with high-precision servo motors and sensors to achieve micron-level processing accuracy.

The working principle of the laser machine makes it have a wide range of application prospects in the manufacturing industry. Whether it is metal cutting, plastic welding, or electronic component marking, the laser machine can provide efficient and accurate solutions. With the continuous advancement of technology, the performance and application range of laser machines will be further expanded, bringing more possibilities to industrial manufacturing.